Skip to main content
  • On Point
  • Pay client fees online
  • ACD online billing
Wisconsin State Public Defenders Office
  • About SPD
  • For clients
  • Careers
  • Assigned Counsel Division
  • Resources
  • Find your public defender
Contact us Who is eligible Mission and vision Leadership Public Defender Board How it works News
How to apply Client fees
Certification process Billing ACD resources
Legal resources for clients and families Appellate Division Specialty practice groups Training
Search

On Point archive

  • Home
  • |
  • News
  • |
  • On Point
  • |
  • On Point archive
  • Pending in SCOTUS
  • Pending in SCOW
  • 1. Appeals
    • A. Right to appeal
      • 1. Constitutional basis
        • a. for direct appeal
        • b. for right to counsel
      • 2. Standing
      • 3. Ripeness
      • 4. Mootness
      • 5. Forfeiture of appeal
      • 6. Waiver of appeal
    • B. Commencing the appeal
      • 1. Finality of order
      • 2. Type of case
        • a. Admin. Proceeding
        • b. CHIPS
        • d. John Doe review
        • e. Reconfinement
        • f. TPR
        • g. Traffic
      • 3. Notice of appeal /intent
        • a. Where filed
        • b. Contents
        • c. Deadline
        • d. Faxed NOA
        • e. Unsigned NOA
        • f. Extending deadlines
        • g. Prison mailbox rule
        • h. Service
      • 4. Transcripts
      • 5. Cross-appeal
    • C. Briefs/Appendices
      • 1. Certificates of compliance
      • 2. Issue selection
      • 3. Facts/record
        • a. Citation to record
        • b. Misstatement of record
        • c. Missing evidence
        • d. Missing transcripts
      • 4. Argument
        • a. Affirm on other grounds
        • b. Concessions
        • c. Citation of authority
        • d. Undeveloped argument
        • e. Failure to respond/reply
        • f. Footnotes
        • g. Tone
        • h. Unpublished authority
    • D. Waiver of issues/arguments
      • 1. Objection requirement
        • a. Failure to object
        • b. Standing objection
        • c. Offer of proof
        • d. Failure to cite law
        • e. Failure to highlight issue
        • f. Failure seek mistrial
      • 2. Motion to dismiss
      • 3. Motion in limine
      • 4. Specific issues
        • a. Circuit court competency
        • b. Closing argument
        • c. Constitutional issues
        • d. Confrontation issues
        • e. Delinquency adjudication
        • f. Double jeopardy
        • g. Jury issues
        • g. DPA
        • h. Judge's conduct
        • i. Plea bargain breach
        • j. Public trial right
        • k. Right to substitute judge
        • l. Sufficiency of evidence
        • m. Suppression motions
        • n. Territorial jurisdiction
      • 5. Judicial estoppel
      • 6. Court may ignore waiver
      • 7. Plain Error
      • 8. Need for cross-appeal
      • 9. Guilty plea waiver rule
      • 10. Serial litigation bar
      • 11. Respondent's waiver
      • 12. State's waiver
    • E. No-Merit Reports
    • F. Interlocutory Appeal
    • G. Petitions for Review
      • 2. Extending expired deadline
      • 3. Prison mailbox rule
      • 4. Waiver of issues
    • H. Certification by COA
    • I. Voluntary dismissal
    • J. Sanctions on Appeal
    • K. Standards of Review
      • 1. Generally
      • 2. Adminstrative decisions
      • 3. Affirm on other grounds
      • 4. Competence of defendant
      • 5. Constitutionality of statute
      • 6. Counsel, waiver of right
      • 7. Directed verdict
      • 8. Discretionary decision
      • 9. Documentary evidence
      • 10. Evidentiary decisions
      • 11. Guilty plea
      • 12. Implicit findings
      • 13. Implied consent decision
      • 14. Ineffective assistance of counsel
      • 15. Judicial bias
      • 16. Jury issues
      • 17. Mistrial decision
      • 18. Postconviction decisions
      • 18. Newly discovered evidence
      • 19. Preclusion claim/issue
      • 20. Public trial decision
      • 21. Reconsideration decisions
      • 22. Restitution decision
      • 23. Search & seizure
      • 24. Sentencing decisions
      • 25. Speedy trial
      • 26. Sufficiency of evidence
      • 27. suppression decision
      • 27. Interest of justice
      • 28. Weight of authority
        • a. Binding authority
        • b. Dicta
        • c. Federal decisions
        • d. Law of the case
        • e. Overruled decision
        • f. Retroactivity
        • g. Unpublished Caselaw
    • L. Harmless Error
      • 1. Generally
      • 2. Evidentiary decision
      • 3. Denial of confrontation
      • 4. Denial of counsel
      • 5. Denial of right to defense
      • 6. Disclosure of CI
      • 7. Discovery violation
      • 8. Guilty plea error
      • 9. Ineffective assist. of counsel
      • 10. Joinder
      • 11. Juror misconduct
      • 12. Jury instructions/verdict
      • 13. Jury determination
      • 14. Jury selection
      • 15. Lesser offense conviction
      • 16. Misconduct evidence
      • 17. Plain error rule
      • 18. Pre-Miranda silence
      • 19. Prior record, admission of
      • 20. Prosecutorial misconduct
      • 21. Sentencing
      • 22. Sexually violent person
      • 23. Structural error
      • 24. Suppression of evidence
      • 25. TPR
      • 26. Vouching
      • 27. Errors declared harmful
    • M. Access to PSI on appeal
  • 3. Civil Commitments
    • A. Ch. 51, Mental health
      • 1. Original commitment
        • a. Constitutional challenges
        • b. Time limits
          • Defense wins!
        • c. Probable cause
        • d. Mentally ill/drug dependent
        • e. Proper subject of treatment
          • Defense wins!
        • f. 51.20(1)(a)2. Dangerousness
          • a. Harm to self
            • Defense wins!
          • b. Harm to others
            • Defense wins!
          • c. Pattern of acts
            • Defense wins!
          • d. Can't meet needs
            • Defense wins!
          • e. Fifth standard
            • Defense wins!
      • 2. Recommitment
        • a. Constitutional challenges
        • b. Time limits
        • c. Mentally ill/drug dependent
        • d. Proper subject of treatment
          • Defense wins!
        • e. Dangerousness
          • Defense wins!
      • 3. Prisoner commitments
      • 4. Involuntary meds
        • Defense wins!
      • 5. Sec. 51.35 transfers
      • 6. Procedures/hearings/evidence
        • Defense wins!
      • 7. Ineffective assistance
      • 8. Appeals
        • a. Forfeiture of issues
        • b. Moot
        • c. Not moot
      • 9. Treatment records access
    • B. Ch. 54, Guardianships
    • C. Ch. 55, Protective placement
    • D. Sec. 252.07, TB treatment
    • E. Ch. 880, Guardianships
    • F. Sec. 971.14 commitments
      • 1. Commitment proceedings
      • 2. Medication proceedings
    • G. Sec. 971.17, NGI
      • Conditional Release
    • H. Ch. 980, SVPs
      • 1. Constitutional issues
        • a. Counsel
          • Ineffective assistance
          • Waiver of right
        • c. Due process/vagueness
        • d. Equal protection
        • e. Voluntary statements
      • 2. Definitions
        • b. Dangerous
        • c. Mental disorder
        • d. Serious difficulty controlling behavior
      • 3. Pretrial
        • a. Claim/issue preclusion
        • b. Detainer
        • c. Discovery
        • d. Evaluation
        • e. Judicial substitution
        • f. Petition
        • g. Probable cause hearing
        • h. Qualifying offenses
        • i. Requisites
      • 4. Trial
        • b. Competency
        • c. Evidence
        • d. Expert
        • e. Jury instructions/verdict
        • f. Jury selection
        • g. Jury waiver
        • h. Venue
      • 5. Disposition
      • 6. Post-disposition
        • a. Confinement conditions
        • b. Discharge procedure
        • d. Reexamination
        • e. Revocation of release
        • f. Supervised release
      • 7. Appeal
        • a. Collateral attack
        • b. Standard of review
        • c. Sufficiency of evidence
        • d. Venue
        • e. Waiver of issue
  • 4. Competency of defendant
    • A. For trial
      • 1. When raised
      • 2. Time for competency exam
      • 3. Burden of proof
      • 4. Evidence
      • 5. Regaining competency
      • 6. Reopening competency determination
      • 7. Appeals
      • 8. Other types of proceedings
        • a. Habeas proceedings
      • 9. Retrospective hearing
      • 10. Standard of review
    • B. For appeal
    • C. Involuntary medication
  • 5. Confessions
    • A. In-Custody, 5th Amendment
      • 1. Miranda custody
        • a. Generally
        • b. Handcuffing
        • c. Incarcerated person
        • d. Juvenile suspect
        • e. Terry stop
      • 2. Interrogation
        • b. Functional equivalent
      • 3. Assertion/waiver of rights
        • a. Ambiguous/unequivocal
        • b. Anticipatory assertion
        • d. Custodial assertion
        • d. Deafness
        • e. Non-custodial assertion
        • f. Prior assertion of right
        • g. Readministered warning
        • h. Scrupulously honoring
        • i. Voluntariness of waiver
      • 4. Exceptions to Miranda
      • 5. Derivative evidence
      • 6. Evidentiary use of silence
      • 7. Confession suppressed
    • B. Post-Charge, 6th Amendment
      • 1. Closely-related charges
      • 3. Waiver of right to counsel
    • C. Voluntariness
      • 1. Generally
      • 2. Derivative evidence
      • 3. Electronic recordings
      • 4. Per se involuntary
      • 5. Coercion or misconduct
        • a. Police
      • 6. Prolonged detention
        • Sew-up
      • 7. Statement to field agent/PO
      • 8. Stress/polygraph test
      • 9. Compelled forensic exam.
    • D. Suppression hearings
      • 2. Pleading requirements
      • 3. Burden of proof
  • 6. Confrontation, 6th Am.
    • A. Generally
    • B. Bias of witness
      • 1. Interplay with 5th Am.
      • 2. Pending charges
    • C. Forfeiture Doctrine
    • D. Hearsay
      • a. Certified records
      • b. Co-conspirators statements
      • c. Expert testimony
      • d. Former testimony
      • e. Impeachment
      • f. Limits on Cross
      • g. Specific examples
      • h. Statement against interest
      • i. Not admitted for truth
      • j. "Testimonial" Evidence
    • E. Screened witness
    • F. Unavailable witness
    • G. Videotaped statement of child
  • 8. Counsel, 6th Am.
    • A. Right to counsel
      • 1. Generally
      • 2. Critical Stage
      • 3. Hearing impaired
      • 4. Civil Proceedings
      • 5. On collateral attack
      • 6. At revocation proceedings
      • 7. Self-Representation
    • B. Assertion/waiver of right
      • 1. Appointment of counsel
        • b. Inherent court authority
        • c. SPD denial of
        • d. Substitute counsel
        • e. Counsel unavailable
      • 2. Retained counsel
      • 3. Forfeiture/waiver
    • C. Conflict of Interest
      • 1. Waiver of
      • 2. Reverse representation
    • D. Ineffective Assistance
      • 1. Deficient performance
        • a. Found
        • b. Not found
      • 2. Prejudice
        • a. Prejudice found
        • b. Prejudice not found
      • 3. Clearly stronger standard
      • 4. Litigating IAC
        • Machner Hearing
      • 5. IAC and interests of justice
    • E. Interrogations
    • F. Malpractice claims
    • G. Sanctions
  • 9. Crimes
    • A. Ch. 301: Corrections
      • 1. 301.45, sex off. registration
    • B. Chs. 343-346: Traffic offense
      • 1. Constitutional issues
      • 2. Elements
      • 3. Evidence
        • Blood Test Admissibility
        • FSTs
      • 4. Procedure
        • Refusal Hearing
      • 5. Habitual Offender
    • C. Chs. 939: Inchoate offenses
      • 1. Constitional issues
      • 3. Elements
      • 4. Lesser included offenses
      • 5. Evidence
      • 7. Sec. 939.05
      • 8. Sec. 939.22
      • 9. Sec. 939.31
      • 10. Sec. 939.32
      • 11. Sec. 939.44
      • 12. Sec. 939.63
    • D. Ch. 940: Against life/body
      • 1. Constitutional issues
      • 2. Causation
      • 3. Elements of offenses
      • 4. Lesser included offenses
      • 5. Evidence
      • 7. Sec. 940.01
      • 8. Sec. 940.02
      • 9. Sec. 940.03 (Felony-Murder)
      • 10. Sec. 940.04 (abortion)
      • 11. Sec. 940.06
      • 12. Sec. 940.08
      • 13. Sec. 940.10
      • 14. Sec. 940.09
      • 15. Sec. 940.11
      • 16. Sec. 940.19
      • 17. Sec. 940.20
      • 18. Sec. 940.201
      • 19. Sec. 940.203
      • 20. Sec. 940.21
      • 21. Sec. 940.22
      • 22. Sec. 940.225
      • 23. Sec. 940.23
      • 24. Sec. 940.235
      • 25. Sec. 940.25
      • 26. Sec. 940.30
      • 27. Sec. 940.31
      • 28. Sec. 940.32
      • 29. Sec. 940.42
    • E. Chapter 941: Against public
    • F. Ch. 943: Against property
      • 1. Offenses
        • a. Armed robbery
        • b. Burglary
        • c. Fraud
        • d. ID theft
        • e. Other
      • 3. Evidence
    • G. Ch. 944: Against sex. morality
    • H. Ch. 946: Against gov't/admin
      • 1. Constitutional issues
      • 3. Elements
      • 5. Evidence
      • 7. Obstructing/resisting
      • 8. Bail jumping
    • I. Ch. 947: Against public peace
      • 1. Constitutional issues
      • 2. Elements
    • J. Ch. 948: Against children
      • 1. Constitutional issues
      • 2. Defenses
      • 3. Elements
      • 4. Evidence
    • K. Ch. 951: Against animals
    • L. Ch. 961: Controlled Subst.
      • 1. Constitutional issues
      • 2. Elements
      • 3. Evidence
    • M. Other crimes
      • 1. Illegal voting
      • 2. Wait for handguns
      • 3. Domestic abuse injun.
      • 4. Nude recordings
  • 10. Defenses
    • A. Statutory defenses
      • 1. Adequate provocation
      • 2. Bar to prosecution
      • 3. Coercion
      • 4. Defense of others
      • 5. Defense of self
        • a. CCW
        • b. McMorris evidence
      • 6. Disobedient child
      • 7. Double jeopardy,
      • 8. Homicide, intoxicated use
      • 9. Imperfect self-defense,
      • 10. Mistake
      • 11. Privilege
        • Accident
      • 12. Statute of limitations
      • 13. Spiritual healing
      • 14. Territorial jurisdiction
      • 15. Not guilty due to instanity
      • 16. Venue
      • 17. Voluntary intoxication
    • B. Non-statutory defenses
      • 1. Constitutional
        • a. Bear arms
        • b. Due process
        • c. Ex post facto
        • d. Notice
        • e. Outrageous Governmental Conduct
        • f. Selective prosecution
      • 2. Common law
        • a. Collateral attack on underlying order
        • b. Entrapment
        • c. Laches
        • d. Non-support
        • e. Resist unlawful arrest
        • f. Year and a day rule
      • 3. Claim/Issue Preclusion
      • 4. Equitable Estoppel
    • C. Waiver of defense
  • 12. Double Jeopardy, 5th Am.
    • A. Multiplicity
      • 1. Generally
      • 3. Particular crimes
        • a. Burglary
        • b. Bail-jumping
        • c. Battery
        • d. Car-jacking
        • e. Child-pornography
        • f. Drug offenses
        • f. Conspiracy
        • g. Enticement
        • h. Harrassment injunction
        • i. Perjury
        • j. Theft
        • k. Reckless homicide
        • l. Reckless injury
        • m. Sexual assault
        • n. Fleeing officer
      • 4. Post-juvenile discipline
      • 5. Waiver--guilty plea
    • B. Prosecutorial misconduct
    • C. Retrial after mistrial
    • D. Remedy
    • E. Sentence
      • 1. Judicial Vindictiveness
      • 2. Correcting oral ruling
      • 3. Modification
      • 4. Defendant's fraud
    • F. Successive prosecutions, Sec. 939.71
  • 13. Due Process
    • A. Derivative-Use Immunity
    • B. Doyle v. Ohio
    • C. Exculpatory Evidence
    • D. Identification procedure
    • E. Juror unanimity
    • F. Notice of charge
    • G. Parole
    • H. Presence of litigant
    • I. Complete defense
    • J. Presumptions
    • K. Resentencing
    • L. Restraints on defendant
    • M. Scienter
    • N. Statutory challenge
    • O. Substantive due process
    • P. Testify on own behalf
    • Q. Vagueness
    • R. Vindictiveness
  • 14. Equal Protect., 14th Am.
    • A. Rational basis test
    • B. Statutes challeneged
      • 1. Earned release
      • 2. Juv. sex offender registr.
      • 3. Sentencing guidelines
      • 4. Ch. 51, civil commiments
  • 15. Evidence
    • A. General provisions, Ch. 901
      • 1. Completeness doctrine,
      • 2. Preliminary questions
      • 3. Construction of code
      • 4. Objection/offer of proof
      • 5. Plain error
    • B. Judicial notice, Ch. 902
    • C. Presumptions, Ch. 903
    • D. Relevance, Ch. 904
      • 1. Types of evidence
        • a. BAC test
        • b. Computer animation
        • c. Awareness of guilt
        • d. awareness of innocence
        • e. Demonstrative evidence
        • f. Failure to ID defendant
        • g. Field sobriety tests
        • h. Flight
        • i. Guns/drug trafficking
        • j. Hand swab results
        • k. Marijuana use
        • l. PBT
        • m. Polygraph
        • n. Profile character
        • o. Refusal, OWI
        • p. Silence
        • q. Suggestiveness of line-up
      • 3. Prejudice, 904.03
      • 4. Character, 904.04
        • a. McMorris evidence
        • b. "Reverse" misconduct
        • c. "Greater latitude" rule
      • 5. Plea-Bargain statements
    • E. Privilege, Ch. 905
      • 1. Attorney-Client
      • 2. Comment on use of privilege
      • 3. Confidential informant
      • 4. Honesty testing
      • 5. Shiffra-Green
      • 6. Spousal
      • 7. Therapy
    • F. Witnesses, Ch. 906
      • 1. Personal knowledge
      • 2. Charachter/conduct
      • 3. Impeachment
        • a. Bias
        • b. Deferred prosecution
        • c. Gang affiliation
        • d. Mental condition
        • e. Motive to lie
        • f. Parole eligibility date
        • g. Pending charge
        • h. Prior convictions, 906.09
        • i. Silence
      • 4. Mode/order of interrogation
      • 5. False testimony
      • 6. Vouching for Other Witness
      • 7. Sequestration, 906.15
    • G. Opinions/experts, Ch. 907
      • 1. Generally
      • 2. Issues of law
      • 3. Qualifications
      • 4. Based on hearsay
      • 5. Daubert
      • 6. Particular types of evidence
    • H. Hearsay, Ch. 908
      • 1. Definitions
      • 2. Against interest statements
      • 3. Business records
      • 4. Hearsay declarant credibility
      • 5. Dying declaration
      • 6. Excited utterance
      • 7. Exculpatory evidence
      • 9. Medical diagnosis
      • 10. Prior consistent stmnt
      • 11. Prior inconsistent stmnt
      • 12. Public reports
      • 13. Recent perception
      • 14. Residual exceptions
      • 15. State of mind
      • 16. Unavailable declarant
      • 17. Videotapes of children
      • 18. 911 calls
    • I. Authentication, Ch. 909
      • Chain of Custody
    • J. Writings/recordings, Ch. 910
    • K. Rape shield, 972.11(2)
    • L. Newly-discovered evidence
    • M. Corroboration rule
    • N. Exculpatory
    • P. Presentence Report
  • 17. Expungement
    • A. Arrest records
    • B. Conviction records
  • 19. First Amendment
    • A. Overbreadth
    • B. Speech
    • C. Scienter
  • 21. Guilty pleas
    • A. Plea agreements
      • 1. Validity
      • 2. Construction of terms
      • 3. Alford plea
      • 4. Deferred prosecution agreements
      • 5. Prosecutorial vindictiveness
      • 6. Judicial participation in
      • 7. Plea bargain acceptance
      • 8. Plea bargain breach
        • b. State's breach
          • Breach found
          • Breach not found
      • 9. Trial court rejection of
    • B. Procedure and colloquy
      • 1. Intent to enter plea
      • 2. "Remote" appearance
      • 3. Required knowledge
        • a. Plea Bargain
        • b. Elements
        • c. Collateral consequence
        • d. Deportation
        • e. Maximum Penalty
        • f. Read-ins
        • g. Rights
      • 4. Factual Basis
      • 5. Interpreter
      • 6. Plea questionnaire
    • C. Issues/rights waived by plea
    • D. Plea withdrawal
      • 1. Court's own motion
      • 2. Nelson/Bentley Motion
      • 3. Before sentencing
      • 4. After sentencing
      • 5. Withdrawal under 971.08(2)
      • 6. "Partial" withdrawal
  • 22. Habeas corpus
    • A. State
      • 1. Nature of remedy
      • 2. Statutory vs. common law
      • 3. Rothering/Knight petitions
      • 4. Procedural requirements
        • a. "In custody"
        • c. No remedy at law
        • d. Venue
      • 5. Type of challenge
        • a. 980 commitment
        • c. Court clerical error
        • e. Lapsed deadline
        • f. Statutory violation
      • 6. State's defenses
        • a. Procedural Bar
        • b. Laches
    • B. Federal
      • 1. Petition for writ
      • 2. Judge
      • 3. Abstention
      • 4. Procedure
        • a. Filing deadline
          • Equitable tolling
          • Collateral tolling
        • c. Default/waiver
        • d. Mootness
        • e. Evidentiary hearing
        • f. Supplementing record
        • h. Retroactivity of law
        • j. Appeals
          • 1. Certificate of appeal
          • 2. Concurrent sentences
          • 3. Jurisdiction
          • 4. Standard of review
          • 5. Successive petitions
      • 5. Particular issues
        • a. Competency
        • b. Confessions/self-incrim.
        • c. Counsel
        • d. Double jeopardy
        • e. Evidence
        • f. Guilty plea
        • g. Judicial bias
        • h. Jury issues
        • i. SVP
        • j. Parole
        • k. Prosecutorial misconduct
        • l. Sentence
        • m. Speedy trial
        • o. restraints, shackling
  • 23. Judge
    • A. Judicial bias
    • B. Recusal
    • C. Disqualification
    • D. Ex parte contact
    • E. Substitution
  • 24. Jurisdiction, etc
    • A. Competence of trial court
    • B. Juvenile delinquency
    • C. Subject matter/personal
    • D. Venue
  • 25. Jury
    • A. Change of venue/venire
    • B. Selection process
      • 1. Defendant at voire dire
      • 2. Bias/disqualification
        • a. Criminal record
        • b. Doubtful fairness
        • c. Extraneous info.
        • d. Judge's relative
        • e. Law enforcement contact
        • f. Victim status
      • 3. Batson issues
      • 4. Anonymous jury
      • 5. Peremptory challenge
      • 6. Number/composition of jury
      • 7. Harmless error
    • D. Dismissal after voire dire
    • E. Due process
      • 1. Hearing impaired juror
      • 2. Sleeping juror
    • F. Instructions
      • 1. Curative Instruction
      • 2. Elements
        • a. Stipulation
        • b. Utter disregard for life
      • 3. Harmless error
      • 4. Lesser Included Offense
      • 5. PTAC
      • 6. Read as a whole
      • 7. Statement
      • 8. Supplemental
      • 9. Theory of Defense
      • 10. Unanimity
      • 11. Beyond a reasonable doubt
    • G. Closing argument
    • H. Deliberations
    • I. Questions by jurors
    • J. Verdicts
      • 2. Unanimity
      • 3. Polling
      • 4. Inconsistent
      • 5. Impeachment of
      • 6. Waiver
      • 7. Harmless error
    • K. Waiver of jury
  • 26. Juvenile proceedings
    • A. Jurisdiction/competence
    • B. Delinquency proceedings
      • 1. Petition
        • Time limits
      • 2. Waiver and reverse waiver
      • 3. Defense motions before trial
      • 4. Pleas and consent decrees
      • 5. Adjudication procedure
      • 6. Competency proceedings
      • 7. Disposition
        • a. Dispositional options
        • b. Sex offender registration
        • c. Extensions and revisions
      • 8. Sanctions
    • C. CHIPS proceedings
    • D. JIPS proceedings
    • E. Municipal violations
  • 27. Open records
    • A. Requests for
    • B. Types of documents
    • C. Challenges to disclosure
    • D. Costs
    • F. Appeals
  • 29. Postconv. Motions
    • A. Type pf PCM
      • 1. 806.07, relief from jdgmt
      • 2. 809.30, direct appeal
        • a. Right to be present
        • b. Evidentiary hearing
        • c. Sealed file
      • 3. 973.155, sentence credit
      • 4. 973.19, sentence mod.
      • 5. 974.06, collateral attack
        • a. Pleading requirements
        • b. Sufficiency of evidence
        • c. Interests of justice
        • d. Laches
        • e. Serial litigation bar
        • f. Custody requirement
      • 6. 974.07, DNA testing
      • 7. Common law PCMs
        • a. Postconviction discovery
        • b. Sentence modification
        • c. JOC name change
      • 8. Reconsideration
    • B. Newly Discovered Evidence
  • 30. Pretrial proceedings
    • A. Charging instrument
      • 1. Continuing offense
      • 2. Duplicity
      • 3. Notice of charge
      • 4. Probable cause
      • 5. Prosecutorial discretion
      • 6. Transaction-related counts
    • B. Discovery
      • 1. Of certain matters
      • 2. Privileges
      • 3. Prosecutorial duties/failures
      • 4. Protective order
      • 5. Remedies
      • 6. Sanctions
    • C. John Doe proceedings
    • D. Preliminary hearings
      • 2. Procedural issues
      • 3. Sufficiency of proof
    • E. Specific motions/hearings
      • 1. Venue
      • 2. Joinder/severance
      • 3. Notice of alibi
      • 4. Admit/exclude evidence
      • 5. Shiffra-Green
      • 6. Suppression
      • 7. DA motion to amend/dismiss
    • F. Detainers
  • 31. Probation/ES
    • A. Probation
      • 1. Conditions
        • a. Jail
        • b. Residential restrictions
      • 2. Extension/reduction
      • 3. Maximum term
    • B. Extended supervision
      • 1. Conditons
      • 2. Modification
      • 3. Reconfinement
      • 4. Extension
    • C. Revocation
      • 1. Authority to revoke
      • 4. Cross-examination
      • 5. Certiorari review
      • 6. Ineff. assistance of counsel
    • D. PLRA/prison issues
      • 2. Discipline
      • 5. PLRA
  • 32. Prosecutor misconduct
    • A. Charging decision
    • B. Exculpatory evidence
    • E. Opening argument
    • F. Use of false testimony (Napue)
    • G. Closing argument
    • H. Prosecutor vindictiveness
  • 35. Search & Seizure
    • A. Expectation of privacy
      • 1. Abandoned property
      • 3. Containers
      • 4. Cell phones
      • 5. Commercial property
      • 6. Common Hallway / Area
      • 7. Courthouse hall
      • 8. Curtilage
      • 9. Detainees, strip searches
      • 10. Garbage
      • 11. GPS
      • 12. Guest
      • 13. Hospital room
      • 14. Mail
      • 15. Pager
      • 16. Public restroom
      • 17. REP - Auto
      • 18. Threshold of residence
      • 19. Email/network
    • B. Search warrants
      • 1. Generally
      • 2. Probable cause
        • a. Automobile
        • b. Container
        • c. Preliminary breath test
        • d. Staleness
        • e. Probable cause absent
      • 3. Franks Doctrine
      • 5. No-knock authorization
      • 6. Scope of warrant
      • 7. Affirmation requirement
      • 9. Anticipatory search warrant
    • C. Warrant unnecessary
      • 1. Consent
        • a. Scope
        • b. Acquiescence
        • c. Apparent Authority
        • d. Third-Party
      • 2. Plain view
      • 3. Exigent circumstances
        • a. Automobile
        • b. Blood Draw
        • c. Destruction of evidence
        • d. Domestic violence
        • e. Hot pursuit
      • 4. Community caretaker
      • 5. Knock and talk
      • 6. Act 79
        • Emergency Aid
    • D. Search incident to arrest
      • 1. Authority of sheriff
      • 2. Citizen's arrest
      • 3. Legislator's exemption
      • 4. Probable cause to arrest
        • a. Citizen informant
        • b. Collective knowledge doctrine
        • c. Drug odor
        • d. Officer's mistake of law
        • e. OWI
      • 5. Fresh pursuit doctrine
      • 6. Search incident to arrest
        • a. Auto
        • b. Blood test
        • c. Implied Consent
        • d. Protective sweep
      • 7. Warrant
    • E. Administrative searches
      • 1. Building inspections
      • 2. CHIPS investigations
      • 3. DNA
      • 4. Inventory
      • 5. Probation/parole search
      • 6. Schools
    • F. Private search or seizure
    • G. Reasonable suspicion
      • 1. Stops, in general
        • a. Informant
        • b. Flight
        • c. Duration
        • d. Mistake of law
        • e. Mistake of fact
        • f. Use of cuffs
      • 2. Traffic stops
        • a. Field Sobriety Testing
        • b. Stop found unlawful
      • 3. Frisks
        • a. Apprehension of danger
        • b. Automobile
        • c. Behavior at pat down
        • d. Furtive movement
        • e. "Identification search"
        • f. Object
        • g. Plain touch
        • h. Scope
      • 4. Collective knowledge
      • 5. High crime areas
      • 6. Test for seizure
      • 7. Nervousness
    • H. Exclusionary rule
      • 1. Generally
      • 2. Attenuation of taint
        • Inevitable discovery
      • 3. Dog sniff
      • 4. Good faith rule
      • 6. Non-police conduct
      • 7. Statutory violations
    • I. Suppression hearings
    • J. Forfeiture of seized property
    • K. Electronic surveillance
  • 36. Sentencing
    • A. Allocution
      • Victim's
    • B. Trial court discretion
    • C. Factors
      • 1. Guidelines
      • 2. Presentence Report
    • D. Type of punishment
      • 1. Initial Confinement
        • No-Contact Order
      • 2. Extended supervision
      • 3. Consecutive sentences
        • a. Future revocation
        • b. Probation
        • c. 980 commitment
      • 4. Surcharges
        • a. DNA
        • b. Domestic abuse
        • c. Child porn
      • 5. Costs
        • a. Allocated per count
        • b. Attorneys fees
        • c. Bail, as satisfaction
        • e. Orders to produce
        • f. Sexual assault exam
        • g. Standby counsel
        • h. Witness travel expense
      • 6. Restitution
        • a. Ability to pay
        • b. Damages
        • c. Defenses
        • d. Discovery
        • e. Hearing
        • f. Trial court authority
        • g. Victim
        • h. Waiver of objection
        • i. DOC withholdings
      • 7. Sex offender Registration
      • 8. Boot camp/ERP
      • 9. Fines
        • a. Ability to pay
        • b. Attorneys fees
        • c. Discretion
        • d. Guidelines
        • e. Restitution payments
    • E. Enhancers
      • 1. Applicability of
      • 2. Allocation
      • 3. Particular statutes
        • Persistent offender
        • Dangerous weapon
        • OWI
        • Truth-in-sentencing
        • Felon in possession 2nd
        • Youth center
        • Drug offender
        • School zone
        • Felony murder
      • 4. Pleading
      • 5. Proof
        • a. Apprendi
        • b. Sufficiency of admission
        • c. CCAP
        • d. Uncertified judgment
      • 6. Timing of prior
      • 7. Waiver of objection
      • 8. Collateral attack on priors
    • F. Sentence credit
      • 1. Custody and escape
      • 2. Concurrent sentences
      • 3. Conditional jail time
      • 4. Consecutive sentences
      • 5. Contempt commitment
      • 6. Custody in another state
      • 7. Delayed report date
      • 8. DIS confinement
      • 9. Electronic monitoring
      • 10. Extended supervision
      • 12. Parole revocation
      • 13. Read-ins
      • 14. Reconfinement
      • 15. Chapter 980 custody
    • G. Mandatory penalties
      • 1. Mandatory minimum
      • 2. Suspended/revoked license
    • H. Modification/Review
      • 1. Sentence adjustment
      • 2. Oral Pronouncement vs. JOC
      • 3. Harsh and excessive
        • Cruel/unusual punishment
      • 4. Improper factors
      • 5. Inaccurate information
      • 6. New factor
        • a. New factor defined
        • b. New factor found
        • c. New factor not found
      • 7. Resentencing
        • a. Generally
        • b. After partial relief
        • c. Challenged counts
        • d. Correction of mistake
        • e. Defendant's presence
        • f. Increased sentence
        • g. Judicial vindictiveness
        • h. Modification compared
        • i. Remedy, illegal sentence
      • 8. Good time credit
      • 9. Procedure for motion
      • 10. Sentence after revocation
    • I. Expungement
  • 39. Statutes
    • A. Validity
      • 2. Repealed statute
      • 3. Constitutionality
    • B. Construction
      • 1. Principles of
        • a. In pari materia
        • b. Legislative acquiescence/response
        • c. Manifest object
        • d. Noscitur a sociis
        • e. Plain text
        • f. Related statutes
        • g. Rule of lenity
        • h. Singular and plural
        • i. Stare decisis
        • k. Title of statute
      • 2. Particular statutory terms
      • 3. Extrinsic sources
        • b. Dictionaries
        • c. Drafter's comment
    • C. Retroactivity
  • 40. TPRs
    • A. Competency of court
    • B. Constitutional rights
      • 1. Right to notice/participation
        • a. Webcam
        • b. Telephonic appearance
      • 2. Counsel
        • a. Effective assistance
        • b. Self-representation
      • 3. Confrontation
      • 4. Trial by jury
      • 5. Parenthood
      • 6. Present a defense
      • 7. Substantive due process
    • C. Voluntary termination Sec. 48.41
    • D. Grounds, Sec. 48.415
      • 1. Abandonment
      • 2. Felony against child
      • 3. Continuing CHIPS
      • 4. Parental disability
      • 5. Child abuse
      • 6. No parental responsibility
      • 7. Homicide of parent
      • 9. Prior involuntary TPRs
      • 10. Relinquishment
      • 11. Impossible condition
    • E. Procedure
      • 1. Admission to grounds
      • 2. Admit/exclude evidence
      • 3. Claim/issue preclusion
      • 4. Default judgment
      • 5. Directed verdict on element
      • 6. Judicial substitution
      • 7. Prescribed notice
      • 8. Rehearing
      • 9. Severance
      • 10. Summary judgment
      • 11. Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act
    • F. Fact-finding, Sec. 48.424
      • 1. Best interests of the child
      • 2. Dismissal
      • 3. Expert testimony
      • 6. Past conduct
      • 7. Pending criminal appeal
      • 8. Procedures
      • 9. Right to present
      • 10. Sufficiency of
      • 11. Termination of rights
      • 12. Unfitness finding
    • G. Disposition, Secs. 48.426-427
    • H. Indian Child Welfare Act
    • I. Appeal
      • 1. Harmless error
      • 2. Mootness
  • 41. Trial Procedures
    • A. Amendment of charge
    • B. Continuance
    • C. Closing proceedings
    • D. Defendant's presence
    • E. Restraint of defendant
    • F. Defendant's testimony
    • G. Use of interpreters
    • H. Jury view
    • I. Unrecorded side bars
    • J. Rebuttal evidence
    • K. Mistrial
    • L. Closing arguments
    • M. Subpoenas
    • N. Telephone testimony
  • 42. Wisconsin Constitution
    • A. Construction
      • 1. Generally
      • 2. Foreign Precedent
      • 3. "New Federalism"
        • a. Double Jeopardy
        • b. Search & seizure
      • 4. Victim's Rights
      • 5. Right to be present
      • 6. Judicial power
      • 7. Defendant's right to testify
      • 8. Bear arms
    • B. Amendment
      • Effective Date
  • 43. Writs (Non-Habeas)
    • A. Certiorari
    • B. Coram Nobis
    • C. Mandamus/prohibition
  • 44. SCOTUS
    • A. Cert Grants
      • OT '22 grants
      • OT '21 grants
      • OT '20 grants
      • OT '18 grants
      • OT '17 grants
      • OT '16 grants
      • OT '15 grants
      • OT '14 grants
      • OT '13 grants
      • OT '12 grants
      • OT '11 grants
      • OT '10 grants
      • OT '09 grants
    • B. Opinions
      • OT 21
      • OT 22
      • OT 20
      • OT 19
      • OT 18
      • OT 17
      • OT 16
      • OT 15
      • OT 14
      • OT 13
      • OT 12
      • OT 11
      • OT 10
      • OT 09
      • OT 07
  • 45. WI Supreme Court
    • A. Review Grants
      • '22-23
      • '21-22
      • '20-21
      • '19-20
      • '18-19
      • '17-18
      • '16-17
      • '15-16
      • '14-15
      • '13-14
      • '12-13
      • '11-12
      • '10-11
      • '09-10
    • B. Opinions
      • 2024-2025 Term
      • 2023-24 Term
      • 2022-23 Term
      • 2021-22 Term
      • 2020-21 Term
      • 2019-20 Term
      • 2018-19 Term
      • 2017-18 Term
      • 2016-17 Term
      • 2015-16 Term
      • 2014-15 Term
      • 2013-14 Term
      • 2012-13 Term
      • 2011-12 Term
      • 2010-11 Term
      • 2009-10 Term
      • 2003-04 Term
      • 2008-09 Term
      • 2004-05 Term
      • 2006-07 Term
      • 2007-08 Term
      • 2005-06 Term
      • 2002-03 Term
      • 2001-02 Term
      • 2000-01 Term
      • 1999-00 Term
      • 1998-99 Term
      • 1997-98 Term
      • 1996-97 Term
      • 1995-96 Term
  • 46. WI Court of Appeals
    • A. Certification requests
    • B. Published opinions
      • Published 2025
      • Published 2024
      • Published 2023
      • Published 2022
      • Published 2021
      • Published 2020
      • Published 2019
      • Published 2018
      • Published 2017
      • Published 2016
      • Published 2015
      • Published 2014
      • Published 2013
      • Published 2012
      • Published 2011
      • Published 2010
      • Published 2009
      • Published 1999
      • Published 2005
      • Published 2008
      • Published 2002
      • Published 2007
      • Published 2006
      • Published 2000
      • Published 2004
      • Published 2003
      • Published 2001
      • Published 1996
      • Published 1998
      • Published 1997
      • Published 1995
    • C. Unpublished Opinions
  • 48. Witnesses
    • A. Subpoenas
Wisconsin State Public Defenders Office

17 South Fairchild Street
Madison, Wisconsin 53703
800-445-2230

Facebook LinkedIn
© 2025 Wisconsin State Public Defenders. All rights reserved.